Doggy dementia results from abnormal brain function causing behavioural changes including disorientation, housebreaking problems, and changes in sleeping patterns and interactions with others. 1 in 3 of dogs 11-12 years of age and 3 in 4 dogs 15 years or older show at least one sign associated with doggy dementia. Less than 5% of cases are being diagnosed for the reason that behavioural change can be subtle and overlooked by both clinicians and caregivers. Therefore, caregivers may not notice the subtle signs or do not think it necessary to discuss them because they believe that their dog is experiencing normal signs of ageing and that nothing can be done.
What causes doggy dementia?
Ageing is a whole body process, and changes in many systems can present with behavioural signs. Thorough clinical examination and appropriate diagnostic testing is an essential first step. Your vet can help.
Key changes seen with doggy Dementia include:
- Structural changes in the brain
- Changes to the brains blood vessels.
- Altered brain chemical levels.
- Changes to the membrane covering of the brain
Treatment
In-home therapy
First of all, the patient’s home environment needs to be adjusted to accommodate the patients changing needs and improve the feeling of safety and comfort. Therefore, feeding, drinking, toileting and sleeping resources need to be adjusted to improve accessibility. Finally, the daily routine should be predictable with increased daytime exercise to reduce nighttime waking.
Furthermore, simple brain exercises in the form of food-based problem solving can help improve brain health and provide a focus away from anxiety-based behaviours.
Improving communication
Signals previously used in training may need to be adjusted to accommodate the patients changing sensory ability. As a result, tactile cues or hand signals are frequently more consistent and easier for the patient to understand. Short, frequent training sessions using positive reinforcement with high-value food rewards also promote brain health and add to daily enrichment.
Nutrition is vital
- Antioxidants: diets fortified with antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors, and omega-3 fatty acids have proven beneficial.
- S-Adenosyl-l-Methionone (Denosyl): It seems like sAME increases production of antioxidants which results in increased serotonin (mood chemical) turnover and increased dopamine and norepinephrine levels.
- Medium-chain Triglycerides: because MCT’s increase energy production it can improve brain function. E.g. virgin coconut oil (1-2 g/kg/day)
- Phosphatidylserine: boosts connections between brain wiring (neurons) consequently improving memory and learning.
- Apoaequin: neuroprotective effects which results in improved learning and attention.
- Micronutrients such as Magnesium, Vitamin E, Selenium and Zinc act as cofactors in several neuronal metabolic processes improving neuronal development and neurotransmission and have improved neuroplasticity (ability of the brain to improve neuropathways and neuron and synaptic connections).
Medical treatments:
- Selegiline – helps to increase production of neurotransmitters including dopamine.
- Propentofylline – this drug improves blood flow to the brain via vasodilation and reducing blood viscosity.
- Nicergoline
Complementary therapies:
- Pheromones
- Aromatherapy
- Acupuncture
- Massage
- Physical therapy
If you want to know more or if you think your companion may be suffering cognitive dysfunction please get in touch. We can help you!